Pennell

If a Layer Two switch doesn't have the capabilities to run IGMP Snooping, it will be capable to run CGMP - Cisco Group Membership Protocol. CGMP allows the multicast router to function with the Layer Two switch to eliminate unnecessary multicast forwarding.

CGMP will be enabled on each the multicast router and the switch, but the router's going to do all the work. The router will be sending Join and Leave messages to the switch as necessary. PIM should be running on the router interface facing the switch just before enabling CGMP, as you can see:

R1(config)#int e0

R1(config-if)#ip cgmp

WARNING: CGMP requires PIM enabled on interface

R1(config-if)#ip pim sparse

R1(config-if)#ip cgmp

When CGMP is initial enabled on each the multicast router and switch, the router will send a CGMP Join message, informing the switch that a multicast router is now connected to it. This specific CGMP Join will contain a Group Destination Address (GDA) of 0000.0000.0000 and the MAC address of the sending interface. The GDA is implemented to determine the multicast group, so when this is set to all zeroes, the switch knows this is an introductory CGMP Join, letting the switch know that the multicast router is on the net.

The switch tends to make an entry in its MAC table that this router can be found off the port that the CGMP Join came in on. The router will send a CGMP Join to the switch each and every minute to serve as a keepalive.

A workstation connected to the switch on port /5 now wishes to join multicast group 225.1.1.1. The Join message is sent to the multicast router, but first it will pass through the switch. The switch will do what you'd anticipate it to do - read the supply MAC address and make an entry for it in the MAC address table as getting off port quick /5 if there's not an entry already there. (Do not overlook that the MAC address table is also referred to as the CAM table or the bridging table.)

website

The router will then receive the Join request, and send a CGMP Join back to the switch. This CGMP Join will contain both the multicast group's MAC address and the requesting host's MAC address. Now the switch knows about the multicast group 225.1.1.1 and that a member of that group is located off port speedy /5. In the future, when the switch receives frames destined for that multicast group, the switch will not flood the frame as it would an unknown multicast. As an alternative, the switch will forward a copy of the frame to every port that it knows leads to a member of the multicast group.

Two key benefits of CGMP are the explicit Join and Leave Group messages. In the next element of this BCMSN exam tutorial, well take a look at the Leave Group messages.